SNI proxy SSRF vulnerabilities: Misconfigurations, exploitation, and defense

SNI proxy SSRF is a lesser-known but high-impact vulnerability class where misconfigured proxies route traffic based on attacker-controlled TLS metadata. Under specific conditions, this can expose internal services and even cloud metadata endpoints in AWS and Azure. This article explains how these attacks work, when they are exploitable, and how to defend against them.

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What is an IDOR vulnerability?

Insecure direct object references (IDOR) are a type of access control vulnerability where an application exposes internal object identifiers – such as user IDs, order numbers, or file names – without verifying whether the requesting user is authorized to access them. IDOR is no longer…

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Cryptographic Failures: An OWASP Top 10 Threat

What is cryptography? To understand cryptographic failures, it is important to first understand cryptography. Cryptography is a method of securing communication so only authorized parties can access the information. It involves converting readable data (plaintext) into an unreadable format (ciphertext) using encryption algorithms. Only those…

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